Book of Obadiah is also the name of a person, Obadiah.

A struggle that began in the womb between twin brothers, Esau and Jacob, eventuates in a struggle between their respective descendants, Edomites and the Israelites. For the Edomites' stubborn refusal to aid Israel, first during the time of wilderness wandering (Numbers 20:14-21) and later during a time of invasion, they are roundly condemned by Obadiah. This little-known prophet describes their crimes, tries their case, and pronounces their judgement: total destruction.

The Hebrew name Obadyah means "Worshiper of Yahweh" or "Servant of Yahweh." The Greek title in the Septuagint is Obdiou, and the Latin title in the Vulgate is Abdias.